diff --git a/backend/src/common/filters/global-exception.filter.ts b/backend/src/common/filters/global-exception.filter.ts
index 49994634..0d8c1201 100644
--- a/backend/src/common/filters/global-exception.filter.ts
+++ b/backend/src/common/filters/global-exception.filter.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@ export class GlobalExceptionFilter implements ExceptionFilter {
   private readonly logger = new Logger(GlobalExceptionFilter.name);
 
   catch(exception: any, host: ArgumentsHost) {
+    // Guard: only handle HTTP contexts (not WebSocket, RPC, etc.)
+    if (!host || host.getType() !== 'http') {
+      this.logger.error(`Non-HTTP exception caught: ${exception?.message ?? exception}`);
+      return;
+    }
+
     const ctx = host.switchToHttp();
     const response = ctx.getResponse<Response>();
     const request = ctx.getRequest();